Acetyl Chloride
Acetyl Chloride
CAS: 75-36-5
Molecular Formula: C2H3ClO
Acetyl Chloride - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Acetyl Chloride |
| Synonyms | ACETYLCLORIDE Acetic chloride Acetyl chloride Acetyl Chloride 1-Chloroethanone Ethanoyl chloride ethanoyl chloride Acetic acid chloride Lidocaine Impurity 38 Phosphor-free cetyl Chloride Acetyl chloride, synthesis grade Acetyl chloride, reagent grade, ACS Acetyl chloride1M solution in dichloromethaneAcroSeal§3 Acetyl chloride, 1M solution in dichloromethane, AcroSeal |
| CAS | 75-36-5 |
| EINECS | 200-865-6 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C2H3ClO/c1-2(3)4/h1H3 |
| InChIKey | WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Acetyl Chloride - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C2H3ClO |
| Molar Mass | 78.5 |
| Density | 1.104g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | -112 °C |
| Boling Point | 52°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 40°F |
| Water Solubility | Decomposes violently in water |
| Solubility | Miscible with acetone, chloroform, glacial acetic acid, petroleum ether, ether and benzene. |
| Vapor Presure | 11.69 psi ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.7 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | approximate 1.11 |
| Color | Clear colorless |
| Odor | Strong pungent odor |
| Merck | 14,85 |
| BRN | 605303 |
| Storage Condition | Store below +15°C. |
| Stability | Stability Highly flammable. Reacts violently with DMSO, water, lower alcohols, and amines to generate toxic fumes. May form an explosive mixture with air. Note low flash point. Incompatible with water |
| Sensitive | Moisture Sensitive |
| Explosive Limit | 7.3-19%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.389(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless transparent fuming liquid with pungent odor. melting point -112 ℃ boiling point 50.9 ℃ relative density 1.1051 refractive index 1.3890 flash point 4 ℃ solubility, acetic acid and benzene are miscible |
| Use | This product is used as a raw material for organic synthesis, for the production of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, new electroplating complexing agents, catalysts for chlorination of carboxylic acids, acetylation reagents, and other fine organic synthesis intermediates. |
Acetyl Chloride - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R11 - Highly Flammable R14 - Reacts violently with water R34 - Causes burns R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S1/2 - Keep locked up and out of the reach of children. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. |
| UN IDs | UN 1717 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | AO6390000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29159080 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | II |
Acetyl Chloride - Upstream Downstream Industry
Acetyl Chloride - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless transparent fuming liquid with pungent odor. Melting Point -112 °c. Boiling point 50.9 °c (look kPa). The relative density was 1. 1051. Refractive index 3890. Flash point 4 ℃. It is miscible with ether, acetic acid and benzene, reacts strongly with water and alcohol, and decomposes to hydrogen chloride.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
Acetyl Chloride - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
by glacial acetic acid and phosphorus trichloride reaction, and then by distillation, to obtain the finished product. Tail gas HC1 in production should be absorbed with water and utilized.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:32:13
Acetyl Chloride - Application
Open Data Verified Data
as a raw material for pesticides and pharmaceuticals, it is also an intermediate for the production of water treatment agent ethylene diphosphoric acid, and it is also used for the production of new plating complexing agents.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
Acetyl Chloride - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
This product very strongly stimulates the eyes, skin, mucous membranes, resulting in severe burns. The workshop should be well ventilated and the equipment should be closed. The operator must wear protective clothing, glasses and rubber gloves.
Glass bottle, outer box. According to the provisions of the storage and transportation of toxic chemicals.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
Acetyl Chloride - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Use | acetyl chloride is a very useful synthetic intermediate. It is a derivative of the weak acid acetic acid and is used as a reagent in many industrial processes. It is a chemical used for acetylation in the synthesis or derivatization of organic compounds. is an acetylating agent used as a raw material for pesticides and pharmaceuticals, or an intermediate for the manufacture of ethylene diphosphate, a water treatment agent used as an analytical reagent, also for the preparation of acetyl derivatives and dyes for organic synthesis, dyes and pharmaceutical industries. Acetyl chloride is a very useful synthetic intermediate, which is a derivative of acetic acid (a weak acid) and is used as a reagent in many industrial processes. It is an acetylated chemical reagent in the synthesis or derivatization of organic compounds. as a raw material for pesticides and pharmaceuticals, it is also an intermediate for the manufacture of water treatment agent ethylene diphosphoric acid, and it is also used for the manufacture of new electroplating complexing agents. Acetyl chloride is an important acetylation reagent, acylation ability is stronger than acetic anhydride, widely used in organic synthesis, dyes. It is also a catalyst for chlorination of carboxylic acids and can be used for quantitative analysis of hydroxyl and amino groups. as a raw material for organic synthesis, this product is used in the production of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, new electroplating complexing agents, catalysts for chlorination of carboxylic acids, acetylation reagents, and other fine organic synthesis intermediates. determination of cholesterol and moisture in organic liquid, determination of hydroxy tetraethyl lead, identification of nitroso. Used as an acetylation reagent. For the synthesis of pharmaceutical dyes. |
| dangerous situation | (1) it has corrosive effect on skin and mucous membrane and strong irritation to eyes. (2) flammable, burning point 390 ℃, there is a greater risk of combustion. The vapor can form an explosive mixture with air, and the explosive limit has not been determined. Since the vapor is heavier than air, it can diffuse to ignition at a considerable distance from the ignition source and propagate the flame back. There is a sharp reaction with water and alcohol. Upon heating to decomposition, HCl and highly toxic phosgene gas may be released. |
| Main use | acetyl chloride is the most commonly used acetylation reagent, with alcohol, phenol to get acetate, with ammonia to form acetamide, and primary and secondary amines to produce N-substituted acetamide. used in the pharmaceutical industry, pesticide manufacturing, preparation of acetyl derivatives and dyes. It is used as a reagent for measuring phosphorus, cholesterol, moisture in an organic solvent, nitroso, hydroxyl, tetraethyl lead, etc. acetyl chloride is the most important acid halide, can be prepared with glacial acetic acid and thionyl chloride or phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride |
| adverse effects and toxic symptoms | acetyl chloride is an irritant and caustic. Contact with the skin can cause burns, vapors strongly irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. Human inhalation of 2ppm, can feel the stimulation effect. Short-term exposure to higher concentrations of acetyl chloride may cause death or permanent injury. The toxic dose to aquatic animals is estimated to be in the range of 10 to 100ppm. |
| production method | industrially, acetyl chloride can react with hydrogen chloride from ethylene, or from sodium acetate, sulfur dioxide and chlorine reaction. Laboratory can be prepared from acetic acid, sodium acetate or acetic anhydride with a variety of chlorinating agent reaction. For example, acetic anhydride is obtained by reacting with chlorosulfonic acid (or hydrogen chloride, carbon tetrachloride, phosgene). It can also be obtained by reacting glacial acetic acid with benzoyl chloride (or silicon tetrachloride, phosphorus trichloride, sulfurous chloride, phosphorus pentachloride). Working Example 1: The compounding ratio (molar ratio) is glacial acetic acid: phosphorus trichloride = 3:1.2. Glacial acetic acid was added to the reactor, slowly stirred, and phosphorus trichloride was added dropwise over 10-15min at room temperature. Heating Temperature, maintain 40-50 Deg C reaction for 0.5h, the reaction product is static, the separation of crude acetyl chloride, pure yield of about 70%. In a 3L three-necked flask, 360g(6mol) of glacial acetic acid and 555g of toluene were placed, and 510g(3mol) of silicon tetrachloride was added dropwise during heating to 50 °c for 30min, the temperature was maintained at 50 ° C. Until the hydrogen chloride gas did not rapidly escape. After fractionation, the crude product was obtained by distillation to a column top temperature of 80-85 °c. The fine product was distilled again, and 50-65 fractions were taken to obtain 400g of acetyl chloride, with a yield of 85%. Raw material consumption quota: glacial acetic acid 850kg/t, phosphorus trichloride 1950kg/t. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 910 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | corrosive to skin, eyes, mucous membranes |
| flammability hazard characteristics | in case of open flame, high temperature, flammable oxidant; High thermal decomposition of toxic phosgene; toxic chloride smoke in water |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Stored separately from oxidants and acids |
| extinguishing agent | dry powder, dry sand, dry stone powder, carbon dioxide, foam |
| autoignition temperature | 390°C DIN 51794 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:48:19
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Raw Materials for Acetyl Chloride
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